Conductors — Any material which can pass currents, like copper, aluminum, iron etc.
Insulators — Any materials which can’t pass currents, like plastic, rubber, dry wood etc.
Semiconductors — simply in the middle of the conductor and insulators.
Semiconductors are the elements that are found in group IV of the periodic table. So these are the elements that have four electrons, like germanium and silicon.
There are two types, like P and N, which are widely used for making semiconductor devices like diodes, transistors etc.
P and N types –
P and N types semiconductors made with processed called doping with other materials. So it can work like either conductor or an insulator.
N-type doping — n-type makes,When a semiconductor is doped with Group V elements like phosphors and arsenic, it creates free electrons. So, if silicon is doped with arsenic, only four of its five electrons connect with silicon. Thus, it will give one free electron which doesn’t connect with any. They will behave like donors.
P-type doping — when a semiconductor is doped with Group III elements like boron and gallium, it creates free holes. They will behave like acceptors. So, if silicon doped with gallium, only three electrons connect with silicon, so it will make one free space because of the lack of one electron for conjunction, which is normally called a hole. So it will also be ready to accept another election. That is why they are called acceptors.
p–n junction is created when it’s a combination of two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, in a single crystal.p–n junction is a fundamental of when creating diode transistors, etc.
So if it doping with special way it with five electrons materials like boron or gallion, all four electrons connect with its four electrons thus it give one free electron which doesn’t connect with any.
Also if you doping with special way it with three electrons materials like ig all three electrons connect with its four electrons thus it give one free electron which doesn’t connect with any.