An integrated circuit or “IC” is a simply a circuit on a silicon die. There were several ideas for integrating these types in the early days. However, as a commercial device, it was invented by Jack kilby in 1958 in Texas instrument.
The IC includes all transistors, diodes, resistors, and small value capacitors for that circuit. However, all the components, like large capacitors, coils can’t be included on an IC die, and it has power + or – lines, input output lines, so it has several pins around it. So we have included those components with external pins on the IC and power the IC according to each IC data sheet for a proper working IC. Excluding these limits can destroy the IC. When working with IC, you must be very careful of not exceeding its maximum voltage limit and avoid short each nearby pins.
IC is made by two methods: monolithic and bird. Normally, with the monolithic method, all the components are included in small one die. With the hi bird method, it’s made on large several dies.
Usually, the IC is produced as a standard package.ICs have several pins, so it’s mandatory to identify the first pin of the IC. There is a special mark on it. Then count in a clockwise direction to count other pins.
Standard packages of ICs. ICs are made with several packages, such as — DIL (Dual in line), SIL (Single in line), TO92, TO3 etc.
Various types of ICs, like—Radio IC, timers, amplifiers, OP amps, digital logic gates, computer chips etc.
Some of popular ICs:
Timer ic – NE555
Amplifier ics -LM386, TDA 2030, LM2035 ,STK4192
OP AMP ICs – uA741, tl072,ne5534etc.
Logic ic – CD4011 – nand logic gates, HEF4001 – Inverters etc
Musical IC – um66
For making a circuit with ICs — First you need to find their part number and pins, then correctly connect each pin according to the circuit diagram.
